1. Mechanical Deburring Methods
1.1 Manual Grinding
Tools: Sandpaper, files, oilstones, scrapers, etc.
Characteristics: High flexibility, capable of handling complex shapes and dead corners, but low efficiency, dependent on operator experience, and poor consistency.
Applications: Small-batch production, local finishing of precision parts (e.g., micro-burrs on aerospace components).
1.2 Grinding and Polishing
1.2.1 Vibratory Grinding
Parts and grinding media (e.g., ceramic beads, plastic pellets) are placed in a vibrating container, and burrs are removed through vibrational friction.
Advantages: High efficiency, suitable for batch processing of small and medium-sized parts, and excellent surface uniformity.
Applications: Electronic components, automotive parts (e.g., gears, bearings).
1.2.2 Magnetic Grinding
Magnetic abrasives (e.g., iron-based abrasives) are driven by a magnetic field to adhere to the part surface, and burrs are removed through rotational friction.
Advantages: Can penetrate complex cavities (e.g., blind holes, cross holes) without damaging precision surfaces.
Applications: Medical devices (e.g., syringe parts), precision molds.
1.3 Milling/Cutting Deburring
Tools: Specialized deburring tools (e.g., chamfering tools, milling cutters).
Characteristics: High precision, controllable chamfer size, but requires programming or fixture positioning, suitable for regular structures.
Applications: Deburring of aluminum alloy cavities and PCB board edges.
2. Chemical Deburring Methods
2.1 Chemical Milling (CHM)
Principle: Parts are immersed in corrosive liquids (e.g., sodium hydroxide, nitric acid). Due to the large surface area of burrs, they are preferentially dissolved.
Characteristics: No mechanical stress, suitable for thin-walled parts or deformable materials (e.g., titanium alloy), but waste liquid requires environmental treatment.
Applications: Aircraft engine blades, precision structures of medical devices.
2.2 Electrochemical Deburring (ECD)
Principle: The part acts as the anode, and the tool electrode as the cathode. Burrs are dissolved through electrochemical reactions in the electrolyte.
Characteristics: High deburring efficiency, precisely controllable dissolution amount, suitable for deep holes and cross holes (e.g., hydraulic valve bodies).
Applications: Automotive transmission parts, aerospace fasteners.
3. Thermal Deburring (TBD)
3.1 Principle
3.2 Characteristics
Burrs in hidden locations (e.g., inner holes and gaps) can be uniformly removed.
Temperature must be strictly controlled to avoid damaging the base material (suitable for high-temperature resistant materials such as steel and stainless steel).
3.3 Applications
4. Ultrasonic Deburring Method
4.1 Principle
4.2 Characteristics
Suitable for removing micron-level burrs with minimal damage to the part surface.
Requires specialized fixtures to fix parts, and efficiency depends on equipment power.
4.3 Applications
5. Laser Deburring Method
5.1 Principle
5.2 Characteristics
Extremely high precision (up to micron level), non-contact processing, and no mechanical stress.
High equipment cost, suitable for small-batch precision parts (e.g., aerospace titanium alloy structures).
5.3 Applications
6. Other Emerging Deburring Technologies
6.1 Water Jet Deburring
6.2 Plasma Deburring
6.3 Electrochemical-Mechanical Composite Deburring
Key Factors for Selecting Deburring Methods
Material Properties
- Metals (e.g., steel, aluminum): Mechanical, electrolytic, laser, and other methods are optional;
- Non-metals (e.g., plastic, ceramic): Ultrasonic, water jet, or manual grinding are preferred.
Part Structure
- Complex internal cavities/deep holes: Magnetic grinding, electrochemical deburring;
- Precision surfaces/micro-burrs: Laser, ultrasonic deburring.
Production Batch
- Small batch: Manual grinding, laser deburring;
- Large batch: Vibratory grinding, thermal deburring.
Precision Requirements
- High precision (e.g., aerospace): Laser, electrochemical deburring;
- General precision: Mechanical grinding, chemical milling.
